Difference between revisions of "IP-SMC"

Revision as of 17:15, 8 April 2010

Predicates which always take an IP-SMC complement when they take 2 NP arguments: KALLA, ÞYKJA

Not used for HEITA when HEITA takes only 2 arguments. But when HEITA takes 3 arguments, as in "John named the boy Paul", the latter 2 arguments form a small clause, as below:

Þau hétu (IP-SMC hann Pál).

Used for kalla 'call', as in Hann kallaði mig svín 'He called me a.pig'. Parsed as in historical English corpora:

( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ For)
              (NP-SBJ (Q som) (NS men))
              (VBD called)
              (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO me))
                      (NP-TMP (Q+N somtyme))
                      (NP-OB1 (D the) (N Quene)
                              (PP (P of)
                                  (NP (D the) (NPR Wast) (NPR Landis)))))
              (. ,))

Also used for "þykja", as in the example below. ÞYKJA always takes a small clause predicate, even if it has only 2 arguments. If ÞYKJA has an external NP-SBJ, it is always the person/entity doing the thinking. If there is no such person/entity, then the NP-SBJ of ÞYKJA is raised from inside the IP-SMC, and is parsed in the usual way for traces of A-movement, as in the PPCME2/PPCEME guidelines and as in the example below:

( (IP-MAT (NP-1 (D-N Þessar-þessi) (NS-N fréttir-frétt))
	  (VBDI þóttu-þykja)
	  (NP-SBJ (NPR-D Sigríði-sigríður))
	  (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
		  (NEG ekki-ekki)
		  (ADJP (ADJ-N góðar-góður)))
	  (. ,-,)))


( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO-N hann-hann))
	  (VBDI þótti-þykja)
	  (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-1)
		  (ADJP (ADVR svo-svo)
			(ADJ-N ötull-ötull)
			(CONJP (CONJ og-og)
			       (ADJX (ADJ-N laglegur-laglegur)))
			(PP (P til-til)
			    (NP (Q-G allra-allur) (NS-G verka-verk)))
			(, ,-,)
			...

Also notice that the subject of the small clause, the embedded IP-INF, is extraposed in this case (a frequent occurrence when the small clause subject is a clause). As in the normal case of extraposed IP-INF subjects or extraposed CP-THT, the extraposed IP-INF is coindexed with "it":

( (IP-MAT (VBDI þótti-þykja)
	  (NP-SBJ (NS-D bændum-bóndi)
		  (PP (P í-í)
		      (NP (NPR-D Hólshrepp-hólshrepp))))
	  (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ=1 (ES-N það))
		  (ADJP (ADJ ÍSJÁRVERT-ÍSJÁRVERÐUR))
		  (IP-INF-1 (TO að-að)
			    (VB gjöra-gjöra)
			    (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (N-A kerlingu-kerling))
				    (ADVP-LOC (ADV þar-þar))
				    (ADJP (ADJ sveitlæga-sveitlægur)))
			    (PP (P eftir-eftir)
				(NP (ADJP (ADVR svo-svo) (ADJ ÓLJÓSU-ÓLJÓS))
				    (N-D handriti-handrit)))))
	  (. .-.)))

If there is no overt "það", then there is no empty expletive added to the structure, and the IP-INF is simply treated as a postposed subject, as in the guidelines for Expletives. Note that this is also different from the English corpora.

( (IP-MAT (VBDI þótti-þykja)
	  (NP-SBJ (NS-D bændum-bóndi)
		  (PP (P í-í)
		      (NP (NPR-D Hólshrepp-hólshrepp))))
	  (IP-SMC (ADJP (ADJ ÍSJÁRVERT-ÍSJÁRVERÐUR))
		  (IP-INF-SBJ (TO að-að)
			    (VB gjöra-gjöra)
			    (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (N-A kerlingu-kerling))
				    (ADVP-LOC (ADV þar-þar))
				    (ADJP (ADJ sveitlæga-sveitlægur)))
			    (PP (P eftir-eftir)
				(NP (ADJP (ADVR svo-svo) (ADJ ÓLJÓSU-ÓLJÓS))
				    (N-D handriti-handrit)))))
	  (. .-.)))

...but it could have been overt as well, as below:

or the empty expletive counterpart to "it" in the subject position of the IP-SMC. In this case, it is the empty expletive...

Small clauses as complement of P

Small clauses can be complements of prepositions, notably AÐ (very much like English WITH).

Examples:

• að liðnu nóni
• að liðnu sumri
• að sumri liðnu
• að honum látnum

( (IP-MAT (PP (P Að-að)
	      (IP-SMC (VAN liðnu-liðinn)
		      (NP-SBJ (N-D nóni-nóni))))
	  (BEDI voru-vera)
	  (NP-SBJ (QS-N flestir-margur) (NS-N leitarmenn-leitarmaður))
	  (VBN komnir-koma)
	  (. ;-;)))