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| − | Predicates which always take an IP-SMC complement: | + | Predicates which always take an IP-SMC complement when they take 2 NP arguments: KALLA, ÞYKJA |
| | | | |
| | Not used for HEITA when HEITA takes only 2 arguments. But when HEITA takes 3 arguments, as in "John named the boy Paul", the latter 2 arguments form a small clause, as below: | | Not used for HEITA when HEITA takes only 2 arguments. But when HEITA takes 3 arguments, as in "John named the boy Paul", the latter 2 arguments form a small clause, as below: |
Revision as of 12:47, 8 April 2010
Predicates which always take an IP-SMC complement when they take 2 NP arguments: KALLA, ÞYKJA
Not used for HEITA when HEITA takes only 2 arguments. But when HEITA takes 3 arguments, as in "John named the boy Paul", the latter 2 arguments form a small clause, as below:
Used for kalla 'call', as in Hann kallaði mig svín 'He called me a.pig'. Parsed as in historical English corpora:
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ For)
(NP-SBJ (Q som) (NS men))
(VBD called)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO me))
(NP-TMP (Q+N somtyme))
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N Quene)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (NPR Wast) (NPR Landis)))))
(. ,))
Also used for "þykja", as in the example below. ÞYKJA always takes a small clause predicate, even if it has only 2 arguments. If ÞYKJA has an external NP-SBJ, it is always the person/entity doing the thinking. If there is no such person/entity, then the NP-SBJ of ÞYKJA is raised from inside the IP-SMC, and is parsed in the usual way for traces of A-movement, as in the PPCME2/PPCEME guidelines and as in the example below:
Also notice that the subject of the small clause, the embedded IP-INF, is extraposed in this case (a frequent occurrence when the small clause subject is a clause). As in the normal case of extraposed IP-INF subjects or extraposed CP-THT, the extraposed IP-INF is coindexed with "it":
( (IP-MAT (VBDI þótti-þykja)
(NP-SBJ (NS-D bændum-bóndi)
(PP (P í-í)
(NP (NPR-D Hólshrepp-hólshrepp))))
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ=1 (ES-N það))
(ADJP (ADJ ÍSJÁRVERT-ÍSJÁRVERÐUR))
(IP-INF-1 (TO að-að)
(VB gjöra-gjöra)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (N-A kerlingu-kerling))
(ADVP-LOC (ADV þar-þar))
(ADJP (ADJ sveitlæga-sveitlægur)))
(PP (P eftir-eftir)
(NP (ADJP (ADVR svo-svo) (ADJ ÓLJÓSU-ÓLJÓS))
(N-D handriti-handrit)))))
(. .-.)))
If there is no overt "það", then there is no empty expletive added to the structure, and the IP-INF is simply treated as a postposed subject, as in the guidelines for Expletives. Note that this is also different from the English corpora.
( (IP-MAT (VBDI þótti-þykja)
(NP-SBJ (NS-D bændum-bóndi)
(PP (P í-í)
(NP (NPR-D Hólshrepp-hólshrepp))))
(IP-SMC (ADJP (ADJ ÍSJÁRVERT-ÍSJÁRVERÐUR))
(IP-INF-SBJ (TO að-að)
(VB gjöra-gjöra)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (N-A kerlingu-kerling))
(ADVP-LOC (ADV þar-þar))
(ADJP (ADJ sveitlæga-sveitlægur)))
(PP (P eftir-eftir)
(NP (ADJP (ADVR svo-svo) (ADJ ÓLJÓSU-ÓLJÓS))
(N-D handriti-handrit)))))
(. .-.)))
...but it could have been overt as well, as below:
or the empty expletive counterpart to "it" in the subject position of the IP-SMC. In this case, it is the empty expletive...
