Difference between revisions of "Treatment of individual words"

Revision as of 21:38, 10 March 2010

A

AÐEINS, tag as FP=focus particle, cf. only in English

AFTUR, 'again', tag as ADVP, not as ADVP-TMP, cf. PPCME. When AFTUR means 'back', tag as ADVP-DIR. When it is ambiguous, tag as ADVP-DIR.

ANNAR, tag as OTHER; AÐRIR as OTHERS

Á

Á either RP or P; see RP

ÁÐUR is ADV when it occurs alone, projecting an ADVP-TMP. But when it introduces an adverbial clause alone, it is a P. When it introduces an adverbial clause along with "en", see below.

ÁÐUR EN, ÁÐUR EN AÐ introduces an adverbial clause (cf. FYRR EN, FYRR EN AÐ).

(PP (ADV fyrr) (P en) (CP-ADV (C 0/að) (IP-SUB ...)))

E

EINN, tag as ONE

EINNIG 'also', tag as ALSO

EINS, meaning 'alike' as in ekki fór eins fyrir honum og henni, tag as ADJ. Otherwise, in the EINS OG construction, "eins" is tagged ADVR. See EINS OG in ADJP#ADJ_heads_of_ADJP and ADJP#ADVR_heads_of_ADJP.

ENDA, tag as ADV (but not as a main clause conjunction as in traditional Icelandic grammar).

ER is a complementizer of a THAT clause (CP-THT) when it means 'when'. When it means 'which, that' it is a complementizer of a relative clause (CP-REL).

F

FRAM is tagged RP, like English "fro" in the English corpora. Note that as with many of the words tagged RP, when FRAM immediately precedes a preposition heading a PP, it is parsed as a specifier of PP.

FYRR EN, FYRR EN AÐ introduces an adverbial clause (cf. ÁÐUR EN, ÁÐUR EN AÐ).

FYRSTA as in the English corpora, FYRSTA is tagged ADJ when used as an ordinal number and ADV when used as a temporal adverb. In neither case is it tagged as a superlative. It can appear as an ADV within a PP, as in English "at first":

(PP (P í)
    (ADVP (ADV fyrstu)))

G

GETA when it takes a participle and means "be able to", it is tagged as a modal (MD). See modals MD.

H

HEIMA is tagged ADV. This is not like "home" in the English corpora, which is N. HEIMA is different because unlike English "home", HEIMA can never be used as a noun.

HELDUR is ADVR; where it means "but", we assume there is a silent "but" or no conjunction HVAR, meaning 'where' tag as WADV

HVOR, as in hvor hjá öðrum 'each with the other'

HVORT usually tagged WQ, in which case it means "whether" and introduces an indirect question. Occasionally it can be WPRO and project a WNP, as in the case of English "whether" when it means "which of two", and HVORT is tagged WPRO in the expression "hvort sem er" (see CP-FRL).

L

LÍKA 'also', tag as ALSO

LÍTIÐ 'little, not much', tag as ADV in "Þær þekktust lítið", cf. "Þær þekktust vel".

M

MILLUM, MILLI tagged as P, as in (PP (P millum) (NP bæja)) or (PP (P á) (PP (P millum (NP bæja)))

MÓTI tagged "N", even when it means "facing", e.g. "hvor á móti öðrum". In this construction, "móti" is considered a dative N taking an NP-COM, analogously to English "side"; see the PPCME2,PPCEME guidelines on Complements of N and NP-COM.

N

NEMA tagged as P, analogously to English "except"

NOKKUR

NÆRRI, see the discussion in ADVP#Complements_of_ADVP and ADJP#Complements_of_ADJ

S

SAKIR tagged as NS where possible, and P elsewhere

SAMUR 'same', tag as ADJ

SEM is usually a complementizer for relative clauses, tagged C. However, when it means 'as', cf. feitur sem svín, 'as fat as a pig', (PP (P sem) (NP svín)), or "It was beautiful, as in the old days", SEM is tagged P. Note that it can take a nominative NP complement in cases such as feitur sem svín. Note that while this is *not* necessarily the correct syntactic analysis, this parse is consistent with the treatment of "as" in the PPCME2, PPCEME and it allows us to remain agnostic about whether there is clausal structure in examples like "feitur sem svín".

SJÁLFUR is tagged PRO, and is parsed as an NP-PRN when it modifies another pronoun, parallel to emphatic "himself", "herself", etc., in the English corpora.

SVO is tagged as ADVR when it modifies an adjective ...

STUNDUM is tagged NS-D, and projects an NP-TMP.

Þ

ÞANNIG

ÞEGAR, 'when', tagged as P and introduces an adverbial clause, CP-ADV, so þegar Norðmenn tóku ..., 'when Norwegians took ...', is (PP (P þegar) (CP-ADV (C 0) (IP-SUB (NP-SUB Norðamenn) (VBD tóku) (...)))

ÞAÐ ER AÐ SEGJA, ÞAÐ ER, Þ.E. 'that is to say'

ÞANGAÐ TIL, ÞAR TIL 'until' and ÞAR TIL AÐ, ÞANGAÐ TIL AÐ, 'until that', introduce an adverbial clause

ÞÓ, ÞÓTT 'while' and ÞÓ AÐ, ÞÓTT AÐ, 'while that', introduce an adverbial clause (cf. PPCME)

ÞVÍ, ÞVÍ AÐ 'because'

Modals taking bare infinitives: MDD, MDP, etc. if finite, if not ...

for þar, þangað, þaðan, as in þar sem (e. where), þangað sem (e. to where), þaðan sem (e. from where), see CP-REL