Difference between revisions of "MD"
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Only verbs with modal meaning that take bare infinitives are tagged as MD: | Only verbs with modal meaning that take bare infinitives are tagged as MD: | ||
| − | + | <pre> | |
| + | mega 'may', munu 'will', skulu 'shall', vilja 'want, will' | ||
| + | </pre> | ||
| − | This includes [[GETA]] when it functions as a modal and takes a past participle complement (see [[Treatment of individual words]]). | + | This includes [[GETA]] when it functions as a modal and takes a past participle complement, and [[FÁ]] when it has the same meaning as GETA and functions the same (see [[Treatment of individual words]]). |
| + | |||
| + | [[VILJA]] does not always function as a modal; e.g. in cases where it takes a direct object, it is not tagged MD: ''Ég vil þetta''. There is considerable variation in earlier texts as to whether VILJA takes að-marked infinitives or not, and individual texts/authors are not expected to be consistent in this (occasionally this happens with SKULU as well, and very very occasionally with MUNU: see Ævisaga Jóns Steingrímssonar for MUNU as VB). For this reason, we tag VILJA as MD when it takes a bare infinitive, and as VB elsewhere. Analysts are cautioned to look for both taggings of VILJA in studying the history of Icelandic modals! | ||
Verbs with modal meaning that take að-marker (to) and an infinitive are not tagged as MD but as main verbs taking IP-INF: | Verbs with modal meaning that take að-marker (to) and an infinitive are not tagged as MD but as main verbs taking IP-INF: | ||
| + | <pre> | ||
eiga 'ought to', fá 'be allowed to', hljóta 'must', kunna 'can', þurfa 'need to', verða 'must', ætla 'intend' | eiga 'ought to', fá 'be allowed to', hljóta 'must', kunna 'can', þurfa 'need to', verða 'must', ætla 'intend' | ||
| + | </pre> | ||
| + | |||
| + | KUNNA can (rarely) take a bare infinitive, in which case it may be ambiguous between being a modal and being equivalent to "be able to VB" with an IP-INF complement (see Ævisaga Jóns Steingrímssonar and Jón Indíafari for examples). In this case, we continue to tag it VB and treat it as taking an IP-INF complement. | ||
| + | |||
| + | If a verb that usually takes the að-marker for some reason does not, and does not have modal meaning, it is still parsed as taking IP-INF. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <pre> | ||
| + | ( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO-A Hann-hann)) | ||
| + | (VBPI langar-langa) | ||
| + | (IP-INF (VB fara-fara)))) | ||
| + | </pre> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Infinitive of some pretero-present has a special past marking (Hann sagðist mundu/skyldu gera þetta). This is not tagged especially: we tag it as MD and '''not''' MDD. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Verbs elided after modals=== | ||
| + | See [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/annotation/syn-empty.htm#generic_empty_category PPCEME guidelines]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===VB before VB*=== | ||
| + | When a verb is fronted and becomes before a finite verb other than a modal, parse it as IP-INF. | ||
| − | + | <pre> | |
| + | (ADVP-TMP (ADV þá-þá) | ||
| + | (CP-REL (WADVP 0) | ||
| + | (C er-er) | ||
| + | (IP-SUB-SPE (IP-INF-SPE (VB nálgast-nálgast)) | ||
| + | (VBDI tók-taka) | ||
| + | (NP-SBJ (NP-POS (N-G fyrirheits$-fyrirheit) (D-G $ins-hinn)) | ||
| + | (N-N tími-tími))))) | ||
| + | </pre> | ||
Latest revision as of 13:07, 23 September 2010
Only verbs with modal meaning that take bare infinitives are tagged as MD:
mega 'may', munu 'will', skulu 'shall', vilja 'want, will'
This includes GETA when it functions as a modal and takes a past participle complement, and FÁ when it has the same meaning as GETA and functions the same (see Treatment of individual words).
VILJA does not always function as a modal; e.g. in cases where it takes a direct object, it is not tagged MD: Ég vil þetta. There is considerable variation in earlier texts as to whether VILJA takes að-marked infinitives or not, and individual texts/authors are not expected to be consistent in this (occasionally this happens with SKULU as well, and very very occasionally with MUNU: see Ævisaga Jóns Steingrímssonar for MUNU as VB). For this reason, we tag VILJA as MD when it takes a bare infinitive, and as VB elsewhere. Analysts are cautioned to look for both taggings of VILJA in studying the history of Icelandic modals!
Verbs with modal meaning that take að-marker (to) and an infinitive are not tagged as MD but as main verbs taking IP-INF:
eiga 'ought to', fá 'be allowed to', hljóta 'must', kunna 'can', þurfa 'need to', verða 'must', ætla 'intend'
KUNNA can (rarely) take a bare infinitive, in which case it may be ambiguous between being a modal and being equivalent to "be able to VB" with an IP-INF complement (see Ævisaga Jóns Steingrímssonar and Jón Indíafari for examples). In this case, we continue to tag it VB and treat it as taking an IP-INF complement.
If a verb that usually takes the að-marker for some reason does not, and does not have modal meaning, it is still parsed as taking IP-INF.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO-A Hann-hann))
(VBPI langar-langa)
(IP-INF (VB fara-fara))))
Infinitive of some pretero-present has a special past marking (Hann sagðist mundu/skyldu gera þetta). This is not tagged especially: we tag it as MD and not MDD.
Verbs elided after modals
See PPCEME guidelines.
VB before VB*
When a verb is fronted and becomes before a finite verb other than a modal, parse it as IP-INF.
(ADVP-TMP (ADV þá-þá) (CP-REL (WADVP 0) (C er-er) (IP-SUB-SPE (IP-INF-SPE (VB nálgast-nálgast)) (VBDI tók-taka) (NP-SBJ (NP-POS (N-G fyrirheits$-fyrirheit) (D-G $ins-hinn)) (N-N tími-tími)))))
